NT Lab free essay sample

Characterize why change control the executives Is applicable to security activities In an association? Change control is a precise method to moving toward change. Inside an association, it can forestall the chance of administrations getting hindered and assuming this is the case, give an arrangement to bring them back up at the earliest opportunity. 2. What kind of access control framework utilizes security names? Mark base access control (ALBA) 3. Portray two choices you would empower In a Windows Domain secret phrase strategy? Least secret word length and secret key multifaceted nature prerequisites 4.Where would fix the board and programming refreshes fall under in security tasks and the board? Checking, Tracking, Testing 5. Is there a setting in your GPO to indicate what number of login endeavors will lockout a record? Name 2 boundaries that you can set to upgrade the entrance control to the framework. Record lockout span and limit 6. What are some Password Policy boundary alternatives you can characterize for Goops that can upgrade the C-I-A for framework get to? Least secret key length, greatest secret key age, secret key must meet intricacy necessities, and store passwords utilizing reversible encryption 7. We will compose a custom article test on NT Lab or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page What sources you use as a source to play out the MOBS security state? PC by Name or IP and various Computers by Domain or IP Range 8. What does WOWS depend on, and what does It do? Windows Server update Service and it downloads Microsoft updates to a solitary 9. What is the distinction among MOBS and Microsoft Update? Hordes examines for security vulnerabilities while Microsoft update checks the Microsoft database for accessible updates. They are two entirely unexpected devices. 10. What are a portion of the alternatives that you can practice when utilizing the MOBS instrument?

Literary Analysis of “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen Free Essays

In the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† Henrik Ibsen acquaints us with Nora Helmer and gives us how spontanesly her plan of the perfect life can change when a mystery of her is uncovered. Nora’s spouses advancement to Manager of the town Bank, leaves her persuade she will be carrying on with a great life; stress and effortless. Nonetheless, Nora’s thought of a superb life is totally changed when her since a long time ago stayed quiet is uncovered. We will compose a custom article test on Scholarly Analysis of â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now It is Christmas time when the play starts and with a bigger salary beginning after the New Year, Nora is energized for an appearance of another life. However, this perfect life for her starts to change when an old companion by the name of Mrs. Linde visits the Helmer family unit. Mrs. Linde, searching for a vocation has come to Nora searching for help through her significant other; this fervor has Nora trusting â€Å"He must Christine. Simply leave it to me; I will introduce the topic cunningly I will consider something that will satisfy him without question. It will make me so glad to be of some utilization to be you† (677). In spite of the fact that, Torvald is glad to offer Mrs. Linde work, Nora is ignorant is has made one stride nearer to her mystery being uncover. As the story unfurls Nora starts to understand her husband’s capacity to give Mrs. Linde’s new position, implies Mr. Krogstand the man holding her mystery is left jobless; causing Nora to understand the cons of helping Mrs. Linde. â€Å"By matters of business, for example, business as you and I have had together-do you think I don’t get that? Great. Do however you see fit. Be that as it may, let me disclose to you this-If I lose my position a subsequent time, you will lose yours with me† (688). Mr. Krogstand utilizes the forces he has over Nora, to attempt to keep his activity. He discloses to her, that in the event that he loses his place at the bank to Mrs. Lindke, he will make certain to reveal to Nora’s mystery to her family. Acknowledging what this would do to the great life to come after the New Year, she asks Torvald to discover a spot for Mr. Krogstand. In any case, Torvald selects not to discover a situation for him and with Mr. Krogstand keeping to his promise he composes a letter to Torvald uncovering Nora’s mystery; making the scene when everything in Nora’s life changes. As Torvald gets the letter, he carries on with rage â€Å"It is inconceivable to the point that I can’t take it in. Be that as it may, we should go to some understanding. Remove that shawl. Take it off, I let you know. I should attempt to assuage him somehow. The issue must be quieted at any expense. What's more, with respect to you and me, it must show up as though everything between us were similarly as in the past yet normally just according to the world. You will even now stay in my and that involves course. In any case, I will not permit you to raise the youngsters; I dare not trust them to you. To imagine that I ought to be obliged to state so to one whom I have cherished so beyond a reasonable doubt, and whom I still-. No, that is everywhere. From this second bliss isn't the inquiry; every one of that worries us is to spare the remaining parts, the pieces, and the appearance-â€Å"(715 ). In was in this resentment of wrath that’s Nora’s dream of the destined to be great life, is changed. In spite of the fact that it was not long after this shock from Helmer that he gets another letter saying Nora’s mystery is protected; it was past the point of no return for Nora. The shock has caused Nora to acknowledge things about her life and discloses to Helmer â€Å"I imply that I was just moved from papa’s hands into yours. You masterminded everything as indicated by your own taste, thus I got into indistinguishable tastes from you-or, more than likely I claimed to, I am truly not exactly sure which-I think here and there the one and here and there the other. At the point when I think back on it, it appears to me as though I have existed only to perform ticks for you, Torvald. In any case, you would have it so. You and daddy have submitted an incredible sin against. It is your issue I have made nothing of my life† ( 717). This circumstance has made the opportunity for Nora acknowledge she has been living in another person shadows. She isn't sure what her identity is or even her preferences and with that she parts of the bargains has been living. â€Å"Indeed, you were splendidly right. I am not fit for the undertaking. There is another assignment I should embrace take first. I should attempt to instruct myself-you are not the man to help me in that. I should do that for myself. Furthermore, that is the reason I am going to leave you now† (719). She isn't sure what her identity is or even her preferences and with that she parts of the bargains has been living. At the point when the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† started we were acquainted with Nora as a character who was energized for her new life after the New Year. However, an unforeseen visit from an old companion caused Nora to settle on a choice that wound up coming about her mystery start uncovered to her family. As this mystery was uncover, it caused Nora to understand the ideal life she thought she needed after the New Year was not the existence she needed. Giving us that occasionally things don’t consistently go as arranged. Step by step instructions to refer to Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen, Papers

plan ahead COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

plan ahead COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Our office will be closed in observance of the Thanksgiving holiday this Thursday and Friday.   If you are planning to visit us this week to drop off materials or to ask questions or simply to say hey, the Admissions Financial Aid Office will close at 2pm EST on Wednesday, November 27 and reopen on Monday, December 2 at 9am EST.   So please plan accordingly.   We would love to welcome you when we are here. If you call to leave a message or email, we will get back to you next week.  Due to the high volume of emails and voicemails we have received, it is taking us longer to address each concern We appreciate your patience     We are sensitive to the approaching MIA/MPA application deadline on January 6.

Thomas Hobbes And The United States - 1374 Words

Hobbes conclusion that citizens choose to create a government in order to move beyond a mutual state of distrust. To accomplish this, the two parties must first agree that the aforementioned distrust will lead to the destruction of both parties. They then must establish a social contract that each party will give up their right to hurt the other. This agreement gives the right to punish others to a sovereign power that will provide both parties with security but will leave their lives alone in all other aspects. In restraining themselves in their right to harm another, they create a commonwealth that uses the strength of all to secure all. Hobbes does not hesitate to point out the consequences that result from the exchange of individual†¦show more content†¦Unlike Hobbes, Locke argues that people are always naturally in a state of nature and it is not a relic or notion that has been left in the past. If humans live in a constant state of nature, then Locke believes that ther e must be natural laws that govern relationships. With true Aristotelian undertones, Locke concludes that no one should â€Å"harm another in his Life, Health, Liberty, or Possessions,† (Second Treatise, II). As an extension of the Golden Rule, people should treat other’s rights in a way they would wish their own rights to be treated. Once he established the idea of natural rights, Locke contests that the creation of government stems from the collective need for one’s natural rights to be defended. The creation of government would extend and enlarge the natural rights of the citizens who created it, as long as it is a government that is â€Å"incapable of abusing its powers,† (p. 200). The establishment of a righteous government would promote citizens core rights with the help of civil law. Government would not be instituted if it did not ultimately provide a benefit to citizens and enhance their life, liberty and estate. In order for a society to institu te a society and government, a social and political contract must be made. The social contract, according to Locke, should have unanimous consent from every party involved while theShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes and His Contribution to the Constitution Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesThomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes was an important figure in thee contribution to the Constitution. He was born on April 5th 1588 in Westport, Wiltshire, England and died December 4th 1679 in Hardwick, England. Hobbes’ uncle sponsored his education at Oxford University. In 1604, Hobbes’ father also named Thomas Hobbes, left his family and never returned to be seen again. Hobbes’ also had three siblings; two brothers and a sister. He wrote three major writings; De corpore (published eventually in 1655)Read MoreThomas Hobbes And The Philosophy Of Political Science1729 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment. While studying, Thomas Hobbes wondered about why people were allowing themselves to be ruled and what would a great form of government for England. He reasoned that people were naturally wicked and shouldn’t be trusted to govern themselves because they were selfish creatures and would do anything to better their position and social status. These people, when left alone will go ba ck to their evil impulses to get a better advantage over others. So Thomas Hobbes concluded that the best formRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Enlightenment878 Words   |  4 Pageswhat type of government is best? Thomas Hobbes, an Englishman born in 1588, is one of the Enlightenment thinkers. Hobbes wrote The Leviathan, published in 1651, observing the violence and behavior of people near the end of the English Civil War. He believed that monarchy is the best government. John Locke, another Enlightenment thinker, is an Englishman born in 1632. Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government, published in 11689,expressing his opinions on the â€Å"state of nature† and types of governmentRead MoreEssay on Contrasting Thomas Hobbes and John Locke1011 Words   |  5 PagesContrasting Hobbes and Locke Nearly two-hundred and twenty-five years ago the United States of America chose to fight a Thomas Hobbes government, with the hope of forming a John Locke institution. The ideas of these men lead to the formation of two of the strongest nations in the history of the world: Great Britain followed by the United States. Thomas Hobbes viewed the ideal government as an absolute monarchy, due to the chaos of the state of nature in contrast, John Locke’s idealRead MoreThe Seatbelt Law, By Thomas Hobbes, And Jean Jacques Rousseau1262 Words   |  6 Pagespeople around the United States commute daily to work, and to run their errands. In almost every state in the United States, wearing a seatbelt is required. Many people ask why they should have to wear a seatbelt in their private vehicles, while others agree that everybody definitely should wear their seatbelt. Should the government be able to create and enforce this laws such as this one on the public? This paper will discuss the seatbelt law, the views of philosophers Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-JacquesRead MoreViews of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau815 Words   |  4 PagesArden Bentley AP Euro 3/9/13 Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Racques Rosseau were philosophers who stated their belief of human nature and how we should govern mankind. Although Rousseau was born a different time than Hobbes and Locke, they all had a very strong influence on the way governments should function. They created a revolutionary idea of the state of nature, the way men were before a government came into play. Each philosopher developed guidelines and responsibilities that the governmentRead MoreModern Practices Of Hobbes And Rousseau Core Humanities Paper No1470 Words   |  6 Pagesï ¿ ¼University of Nevada, Reno Modern Practices of Hobbes and Rousseau Core Humanities Paper No. 1 Kimberly Martin CH 202 Joe Taglieber September 22, 2015 Martin !1 ï ¿ ¼Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were philosophers from the 16th and 17th centuries. Hobbes and Rousseau developed theories that explained the development of human nature and how men govern themselves given the circumstances around them. Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau both have become the most influential philosophers ofRead MoreEssay on Thomas Hobbes and the Social Theory Contract597 Words   |  3 PagesHamilton implored the newly formed 13 States of the United States of the need for a strong federal government; he feared the grave dangers awaiting this newly formed body of States. â€Å"A man must be far gone in Utopian speculations who can seriously doubt that, if these States should either be wholly disunited, or only united in partial confederacies, the subdivisions into which they might be thrown would have frequent and violent contests with each other. To presume a want of motives for such contestsRead MoreHobbes And Malcolm X s Views On Political Legi timacy Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesMuslim black nationalist from the 1960’s – hypothetically of course. One might think that they would have absolutely nothing in common; however, Thomas Hobbes and Malcolm X have more in common than it appears. While the two theorists are very different, they share several common ideas about political legitimacy. In this paper, I will argue that although both Hobbes and Malcolm X would agree that a government must provide protection for its citizens to be considered legitimate, Malcolm X extends that criteriaRead MoreThe State Of Nature And Government1315 Words   |  6 Pages THE STATE OF NATURE AND GOVERNMENT Chloe Holmeshaw BF190 Dr. Charles Wells October 11, 2015 â€Æ' The State of Nature and Government The State of Nature and governing in â€Å"The State of Nature† are two subject that Hobbes and Locke both discuss in their book. The enlightenment period was a time of Learning, new inventions, new theories, and new government. Two prominent figures that became known during the enlightenment were Thomas Hobbes (1588-1674) and John Locke (1632-1704). These enlightenment

Phrases for Greeting People in English

When meeting people, there is a number of greetings you can use in English. These depend on whether you are arriving somewhere, leaving, meeting people you already know, or meeting someone for the first time. Depending on the situation, there are formal and informal ways of greeting each other. However, there is some overlap between the two, and you can almost never go wrong using some of the formal expressions in other settings as well. Meeting People When arriving at your destination or meeting people during the day, use the following phrases: Formal Hello.Good morning/afternoon/evening.How are you (doing)?(Its) nice/good/great to see you.How is your day (going)? Informal Hi.Hey (man).Hows it going?How is everything/life?How are things?Whats up/new?Whats going on?How have you been?Long-time no see.Its been a while. Example Dialogues Person 1: Good morning, John.Person 2: Good morning. How are you? Person 1: Whats up?Person 2: Nothing much. You? Leaving People At departure, there is also a variety of ways you can be polite or friendly: Formal Goodbye.Bye.It was nice to meet you.It was nice meeting you.Goodnight.Have a good night. Informal See you.See you soon/next time/later/tomorrow.I have to go now.I have to get going.(It was) good seeing you.Take care (of yourself).Till next time. Example Dialogues Person 1: I have to get going, Sam. It was good seeing you today.Person 2: You, too. See you soon again. Bye! Person 1: Goodbye, Lucy. It was nice to meet you.Person 2: Bye, John. You as well. Take care. Meeting People for the First Time When introduced to someone for the first time, especially in a formal situation, use the greetings below. For informal greetings, you can either use some of these expressions or choose from the informal greetings listed above. Formal Hello, its a pleasure to meet you.(Its) (very) nice to meet you.Pleased/Glad/Good to meet you.How do you do. Example of a Formal Dialogue Person: Ken, meet Steve.Ken: Hello, its a pleasure to meet you.Steve: How do you do, Ken.Ken: How do you do. Note: The reply to How do you do is How do you do. This is appropriate when you meet someone for the first time. Examples of Informal Dialogues Person 1: Jessica, this is Laura.Person 2: Hi, Laura. Im Jessica. How are you?Laura: Hi, Im fine. Good to meet you Person 1: James, this is my friend Andrew.James: Whats up?Andrew: Whats up?

South Canyon Wild Fire Free Essays

Luke MasieroMay 4, 2012Argumentative essayWRTG 3020 Children Shouldn’t Play With Fire The South Canyon Fire that burned Storm King Mountain for ten days during July of 1994 remains one of the most tragic fires in Colorado’s history. But what truly makes this catastrophe a great tragedy is how easily it all could have been avoided. In book Fire on the Mountain John Maclean tells the true story of the South Canyon Fire and mistakes made that caused this disaster. We will write a custom essay sample on South Canyon Wild Fire or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many questions surrounding the South Canyon Fire tragedy, why did it take so long for government agencies in charge of forest fire suppression to fight this fire, and how were the firefighters in South Canyon not informed of the deadly conditions that took their lives? Communication and cooperation between forest service agencies is essential to coordinate equipment and men when attempting to fight a forest fire the magnitude of The South Canyon fire. In Colorado during July of 1994 the cohesive elements were missing among the forest service agencies in western Colorado. The lack of communication and cooperation fueled by childish rivalries between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Grand Junction District and the Western Slope Coordination Center prolonged the suppression of the South Canyon Fire causing it to grow out of control taking the lives of 14 fire fighters. These rivalries over jurisdiction, resources and reputation hindered communication efforts, and halted resources from arriving at the South Canyon Fire to attempt early suppression efforts. Both Forest Services claim that due to the great number of large forest fires burning in Colorado the summer of 1994 the BLM Grand Junction District and Western Slope Coordination Center were short on men and equipment and searched for help among other agencies who had to be certain the South Canyon Fire was an imminent threat to people or property before they could dedicate men and resource to a site. Despite multiple red flag warnings the South Canyon Fire burned for days until it was recognized as a top priority. When 30 year fire veteran Mike Lowry arrived at the Western Slope Coordination Center to assist with this crisis of forest fires in western Colorado he was immediately concerned â€Å"Cooperation, the touchstone of modern firefighting was virtually nonexistent. Instead Lowry found competition, jealousies, and outdated thinking and policies. † increasing the difficulties of dealing with the South Canyon Fire (Maclean 24). The rivalry between the BLM’s Grand Junction District and the Western Slope Coordination Center dates all the way back to 1978 when the Western Slope Coordination Center was given responsibility for coordination of air support for 11 fire districts, the situation here was that the Western Slopes new responsibilities overlapped with jurisdictions and functions held by the BLM (Maclean 31). This friction between the BLM and the Western Slope Center stunted valuable resources from being deployed. Maclean noted that Lowry reported seeing fleets of air tankers under Western Slopes control sitting idle each morning when weather conditions were optimal for fighting fires, but it was the BLM’s Grand Junction District responsibility to request these tankers. In an attempt to save money and not over pay Western Slope, the BLM would hold off until the afternoon to request tankers, enhancing the risk of fire growing but reducing costs (Maclean 25). If the BML had requested the tankers from Western Slope earlier, the tankers could have doused the South Canyon Fire on July 3 when it was small and avoided death and destruction. Instead they delayed suppression efforts and a fire that would have cost only a few thousand dollars to maintain ended up costing millions of dollars destroying hundreds of acres and ending the lives 14 fire fighters. As the days passed the South Canyon Fire was growing yet â€Å"nobody at the BLM was calling for help† (Maclean 25) without relaying this information other offices were cut out of the loop which further delayed action in South Canyon (Maclean 32). The BLM Grand Junction District’s lack of communication lead other agencies to accuse their personnel of â€Å"controlling all the shots†(Maclean 32). On July 3 time was of the essence and since the BLM was not making any calls, Lowry took the initiative to do so. Lowry needed more men and resources than the western Colorado districts could provide and the only place these necessities could be attained was from the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) in Boise (Maclean 26). Since the BLM’s Grand Junction Districts communication did not travel far the South Canyon Fire crisis was not know and it would take 24 hours for the much needed reinforcements from Boise to land in Colorado, valuable time that allowed the South Canyon Fire to run wild (Maclean 26). Despite all the idiculous time wasting displayed by the BLM Grand Junction District and the Western Slope Coordination Center Managers from both agencies claimed they did everything in their power to fight this fire. In defense of their actions managers from the BLM Grand Junction District and Western Slope Coordination Center recall the climate and weather during the Colo rado summer of 1994. Colorado was experiencing a drought along with intense heat, creating an environment very susceptible to fire so the BLM â€Å"announced an aggressive policy of attacking all fires as soon as they were spotted† a policy they intended to uphold (Maclean 4). When powerful electric storms struck western Colorado early in July 1994 the BLM reported 15 forest fires in the Grand Junction District (Maclean p. 7). According to the BLM’s new police they needed to attack these 15 fires but they did not have enough fire fighters to be every where at once. The BLM Grand Junction District would have benefitted from the use of planes on some of the smaller fires in inaccessible locations but the BLM director for Colorado, Bob Moore, stuck to an older policy â€Å"allowing no air tanker to drop retardant unless a crew was on the ground to cover it up† (Maclean 25). Moore and other upper management also claim they did not become involved in the incident until after it was evident there was a disaster on their hands, since the South Canyon fire did appear to be less wild than other fires in Colorado during this time the BLM did not mark it as a high priority fire. The BLM and Western Slope agencies required more men. In an attempt to help the BLM and Western Slope Lowry tried to order a huge quantity of fire fighters from the Rocky Mountain Coordination Center, twenty crews amounting to 400 people but they never came (Maclean 26). This was due to managements at the Rocky Mountain Coordination Center they simply did not know how to go about getting that many people together and transporting them to South Canyon (Maclean 26). Finally Lowry turned to the NIFC for help asking them to provide any additional crews of fire fighters or equipment so that he would be prepared when the fire did get large. NIFC is very hesitant to commit crews and equipment before an out break in the fire occurs (Maclean 29). This is a difficult decision for the NIFC because during fire season lots of fires do occur the problem is, not knowing where and when the worst fires strike, the NIFC wants to ensure that their assistance is truly need. The BLM and Western Slope Coordination claim that they made every effort to get more fire fighters and equipment to South canyon but the other districts and agencies they went to for help did not see the severity lurking beneath the smock column in South Canyon and decided to allocate their resources else where. It is only natural for the BLM Grand Junction District and the Western Slope Coordination Center to defend their actions, but there is so much evidence that points to the lack cooperation between these neighboring agencies that it is difficult not to see a correlation between the tragedy and uncooperative attitudes. The bad blood between the BLM and Western Slope created by their rivalry created a terrible dynamic one that never stood a chance against a Fire like the South Canyon blowup. A catastrophe of this magnitude was predicted in an audit conducted by BLM officials from other districts. These officials reported â€Å"differences in resource management philosophies, personalities, misconceptions about the use of prescribed fire, had an unclear understanding of the position roles and responsibilities seem to have created a difficult situation with respect to the management of fire†, they couldn’t have been more spot on (Maclean 31). Team work and cooperation are vital when fighting fires, the different crew members ranging from Hot Shots, Smoke Jumpers and members of management have to work together cohesively to have the best chance of putting out a fire quickly and safely. The relationship between the BLM’s Grand Junction District and the Western Slope Coordination Center was far from cooperative. Their inability to work together because of an immature rivalry prolonged their fire suppression efforts to a point that their actions or lack there of attributed to the death of the 14 fire fighters who lost there lives during the South Canyon Fire. Fighting forest fires is a dangerous and deadly occupation, it is unacceptable for such childish behavior to be present in these government agencies who are meant to protect the property and people of the United States. It’s impossible for the BLM and Western Slope Coordination Center to save anyone if the agencies are fighting amongst them selves. Something needs to be done to create a sense of unity among the BLM Grand Junction District and the Western slope because their oor relationship affects districts throughout the state. One possible solution would be to have fire fighters switch places with another fire fighter from a different district only for about two weeks. This would allow the different district to inter act and better get to know one another. Regardless of what the solution is something must be done, before another fire consumes more lives. Work Cited Page Maclean, Norman. Fire on the Mountain the True Story of the South Canyon Fire. New York: William Morrow, 1999. Print. How to cite South Canyon Wild Fire, Papers

Inferential Statistics And Their DiscontentsFree Sample Paper

Question: 1.Jackson even-numbered Chapter exercises (pp. 220-221; 273-275) 2.What are degrees of freedom? How are the calculated? 3.What do inferential statistics allow you to infer? 4.What is the General Linear Model (GLM)? Why does it matter? 5.Compare and contrast parametric and nonparametric statistics. Why and in what types of cases would you use one over the other? 6.Why is it important to pay attention to the assumptions of the statistical test? What are your options if your dependent variable scores are not normally distributed? Part II Part II introduces you to a debate in the field of education between those who support Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) and those who argue that NHST is poorly suited to most of the questions educators are interested in. Jackson (2012) and Trochim and Donnelly (2006) pretty much follow this model. Northcentral follows it. But, as the authors of the readings for Part II argue, using statistical analyses based on this model may yield very misleading results. You may or may not propose a study that uses alternative models of data analysis and presentation of findings (e.g., confidence intervals and effect sizes) or supplements NHST with another model. In any case, by learning about alternatives to NHST, you will better understand it and the culture of the field of education. Answer the following questions: 1.What does p = .05 mean? What are some misconceptions about the meaning of p =.05? Why are they wrong? Should all research adhere to the p = .05 standard for significance? Why or why not? 2.Compare and contrast the concepts of effect size and statistical significance. 3.What is the difference between a statistically significant result and a clinically or real world significant result? Give examples of both. 4.What is NHST? Describe the assumptions of the model. 5.Describe and explain three criticisms of NHST. 6.Describe and explain two alternatives to NHST. What do their proponents consider to be their advantages? Answer: Solution: Here, we have to write the null and alternative hypothesis for the given test. As we know that this is a one sample t test. This test is two tailed test as the alternative hypothesis is of not equal to type. Solution: According to the definition of the degrees of freedom, it is defined as the sample size minus one. The degree of freedom is nothing but the number of independent variables or the values which can be assigned to the statistical pattern of the data. Thus the degrees of freedom denote the number of independent quantities from the statistical calculations (David, 1997) and it is calculated as below: D.F. or degrees of freedom = n 1 n = sample size Solution: As we know that the statistics is divided in the two parts such as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics gives the descriptive information about the variables under study. The inferential statistics gives the information about the inferences or the estimation of the population parameters based on the sample. By using the inferential statistics we can infer about the different population parameters. The inferential statistics have the significant role in the estimation of the population parameters (George, 2001). In the inferential statistics, we use the testing of hypothesis for checking the different types of claims or the hypothesis. By using testing of hypothesis we can check the claim whether we have to reject or do not reject the claim. The estimated results for the population parameters would be helpful for the future prediction of the variables. Solution: If there are more than two variables under study and we want to construct the linear model for the purpose of the prediction or inference about the population parameters, then we use the general linear model. In this general model we use the least squares techniques such as ANOVA, regression, correlation, etc. The general linear model helps us in finding the linear association or the correlation between the dependent variables and the independent variables under study (George, 2001). The general linear models have the significant role in the statistical data analysis for the social sciences. In this general linear model we used the different linear combinations of the variables and find out the relationship among the different pairs of the variables. The general linear model is used for the purpose of predicting the population parameters and by using these types of general linear model we get the idea about the variables which would help in making better decisions. The general linear model is used when there are more than two variables and there are a linear association exists between the different variables. By finding out the type of the linear associations or other types of associations exists between the given variables we decide which model we need to use. In some cases, there is a lack of the linear association or relationship but there are other types of relationship present between the variables. Solution: We have to compare the parametric and nonparametric statistics. In general, for the inferential statistics which have the parameters is called as the parametric statistics and the inference without the population parameters is called as non-parametric inference or nonparametric statistics. As we know that the parametric test is entirely depends upon the population parameters. If there is no any advanced information about the population or the parameters, then the inference about the hypothesis regarding the population is called as the nonparametric test (David, 1997). In the parametric statistics, there are specific assumptions regarding the population while in the non-parametric statistics, there are no any specific assumptions regarding the population. The parametric statistics is applicable for the variables while the nonparametric tests are applicable for the variables and attributes. Parametric test do not use for the nominal scale data but nonparametric test use for the nominal and ordinal scale data. According to the comparison, the parametric tests are more powerful than the nonparametric tests. Solution: In the statistical inference or the hypothesis test, it is very important to pay attention towards the assumptions of the statistical test because we use the testing of hypothesis under certain conditions and assumptions. Because we do most of the tests by assuming these conditions were met. If the assumptions for the testing of hypothesis do not meet, then the results based on these statistical tests would be biased (David, 1997). The decisions based on these tests would not be helpful for further use. As we know that the main assumption in the testing of hypothesis is the normality of the data or the variables under study. We know that when the dependent variables do not distributed according to the normal distribution then the results for the statistical tests would not be valid and we cannot use these results for the further use. If the assumptions for the statistical tests cannot be satisfied then we cannot use the results for these tests for the purpose of taking decisions abou t the claims or hypothesis. Solution: There are two main concepts are always used in the inferential statistics which are nothing but the level of significance and the p-value or the significance value. This significance value is denoted by the p and so many times we consider this value as 0.05 or the 5%. For most of the research studies the researcher uses the 5% level of significance and sometimes it would be 1% or 2% (0.01 or 0.02). The value of the p as 0.05 is not standard for the research at all time but most of the time use the p as 0.05. Solution: Here, we have to compare the effect size and the statistical significance. As we know that the effect size and statistical significance are two different concepts mainly used in the inferential statistics. By using the effect size of the statistical test, we get the idea about the effect of the test and statistical significance tells us the reliability of the test (Hays, 1973). The effect size is nothing but the magnitude of the difference between the different types of groups while the statistical significance is nothing but the probability of the difference between the different types of the groups. This difference is generated by the purely chance factor. There is a significant difference between the effect size and the statistical significance. In some situations we use the effect size for measuring the effect of the hypothesis test and sometimes we use the statistical significance for measuring the effect of the hypothesis test. In some situations we use the both for the compari son purpose. Solution: The statistically significant result is the result when we reject the null hypothesis or the claim under study. Most of the time, the null hypothesis is established as opposed to the claim we want to prove (Babbie, 2009). So, if we reject the null hypothesis then we do not reject the alternative hypothesis and this means we concluded that as we want to prove and this is called as the statistical significant. For example, if we reject the null hypothesis that the average income of the shop per year is $5000, this means we do not reject the alternative hypothesis that the income of the shop per year is more than $5000. In this example the test is statistically significant. Also, see the another example as we reject the null hypothesis that the average speed of the specific brand car is 72 km then we do not reject the alternative hypothesis that the average speed of the car is less than 72 km. In this case the test is statistically significant. For taking the decision we use the two typ es of different approaches. In the first approach, we compare the critical value of the test and the test statistic value of the test and then if the critical value is greater than the test statistic value then we do not reject the null hypothesis otherwise we reject the null hypothesis. In the other approach we compare the alpha value and p-value and then if the p-value is less than alpha value then we rejects the null hypothesis otherwise we do not reject the null hypothesis. Solution: The abbreviation NHST stands for the word Null Hypothesis Significance Testing. As it is described in the name null hypothesis significance testing, this testing of hypothesis is used for checking the null hypothesis with specific level of significance (Hays, 1973). In most of the testing of hypothesis or statistical tests, we assume the level of significance as specific alpha level and then we check the null hypothesis at the given level of significance. Note: Solution: In this part we have to see the criticisms of the null hypothesis significance testing. As we know that there are mainly two types of error occurs when we take decision about the null hypothesis. The first is type I error which is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis even it is true and second is the type II error which is the probability of do not rejecting the null hypothesis even it is not true. There are so many reasons for the type I and type II errors. Sometimes due to miscalculations the error is possible. It is important to reduce these types of errors from the statistical testing for getting unbiased results for the statistical tests (Leonard, 1972). The type I and type II errors have the much significance in the statistical analysis of the different statistical hypothesis tests. Based on these values we can take the proper decision about the claim or hypothesis made for testing. Solution: Here, we have to see the two alternatives to the NHST. First alternative would be elimination of the errors and the second alternative would be increasing confidence level. We can eliminate the errors by taking the proper actions while performing the testing of hypothesis. Also, (Antony, 2003) by increasing the level of confidence we would get the proper results and the advantage of this would be more reliable results for the tests. By using the first alternative i.e. by eliminating the errors we can improve the performance of the hypothesis test and by using the second alternative we increase the confidence level so that we get the more reliable results for the purpose of estimation or prediction which are useful for future reference. References Antony, J. (2003). Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists, Butterworth Limited, U.S.A Babbie, Earl, R. (2009). The Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Wadsworth. David, F., Robert, P., Roger, P., (1997). Statistics, 3rd ed., W. W. Norton Company. David, R. Cox, D., Hinkley. (1979). Theoretical Statistics, Chapman Hall. Ferguson, T. (1967). Mathematical Statistics: A Decision Theoretic Approach, New York: Academic Press, Inc. George, C., Roger, L., Berger. (2001). Statistical Inference, 2nd ed., Duxbury Press. Hays, William, L. (1973). Statistics for the Social Sciences, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Leonard, J., Savage. (1972). The Foundations of Statistics, 2nd ed., New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Romeo And Juliet Essays (341 words) - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet 5 Paragraph Essay Introduction: Love conquers all. Romeo and Juliet are two young people that are very much in love. Even though they both come from feuding families. Romeo is a romantic character that loves Juliet more than himself or his family. This is true love. Paragraph1: Romeo expresses his love for Juliet, Call me but love, and I shall be new baptized; henceforth I will never be Romeo. (2.2 50-51). Romeo is saying that he will no longer be a Capulet if Juliet really loves him. Let me stand here till thou remember it. (2.2 172). Romeo is so in love with Juliet that he wants to stand outside her window for as long as possible just to be with her. Paragraph2: Juliet expresses her love for Romeo, and the place death, considering who thou art, if any of my kinsmen find thee here. (2.2 64-65). Juliet is warning Romeo that if her kinsmen see him then he will be killed. She obviously shows concern for him. Sweet, sweet, sweet nurse, tell me, what says my love? (2.6 54) Juliet is anxious to hear from her love Romeo when the nurse delivered a message to her. Paragraph3: Juliet still loves Romeo through thick and thin. This includes Romeo killing her cousin Tybalt. Blistered be thy tongue for such a wish! He was not born to shame. (3.2 91-92) Juliet is mad at her nurse for shaming Romeo. Juliet also said That villain cousin would have killed my husband. (3.2 101) Juliet is actually happy that Romeo killed Tybalt instead of Romeo being dead. He is still banished. Conclusion: I think this really is true love. Romeo and Juliet are two young people that are very much in love even though they both come from feuding families. Romeo is a romantic character that loves Juliet more than himself or his family. Love conquers all! Poetry

Writing Contest with Cash Prizes

Writing Contest with Cash Prizes ATTENTION ALL WRITERS! Summer has arrived, and this means our essay writing contest is now open for your submissions! The contest is international, so participants from any country are welcome! Visit the contest page for all the guidelines and submission details. Deadline August 1, 2014. Selected winner and runners-up will be announced on August 4, 2014. Win Cash Prizes $250 for the winner $100 for the first runner up $100 for the second runner up Spread the word about the contest to your friend authors who may be interested. We look forward to reading your submissions. Best of luck and happy writing!

Modern Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern Asia - Essay Example The media are constantly searching for headlines that have the biggest impact in world affairs. China due to the recent gains realized in its economy has made it more visible to the world. The future of the global economy will be influenced partly by the Chinese economy due to its influence. The Trade and economic balance has also shifted from the western countries to china. The Chinese and the western worlds, however, do not agree in their ideologies (Kesselman, 309). China adopted the communist policy and all its policies are influenced by the communist ideologies. This has put china to be in conflict with the western world on its business and social policies. Most of the most influential media resources are owned by western countries. China does not have a human rights record to boast about and is constantly being reported of abuse of human rights. This is because their description of freedom is not the same with the western ideology. Accusations against China for employing unfair business tactics to have an edge over western products are common. Moreover, china has tried trying to assert control in the smaller neighboring countries using force full methods (Kesselman, 304). A good example of this is their policies on Tibet. Even though china has made impressive gains in the economic sector, the media due to their policies and actions portray it negatively. The Chinese relationship with the US is a complex one. It is evident thought history that the relationship between china and the US has always been a tumultuous one. The onset of this complex relationship was the economic and governance policies that the Chinese took the communist approach while the Americans took the capitalist route. This influenced their governance style in terms of democracy. In china, the democratic rights are limited, and this fact has put the country on a collision course with democratic America, which is

Personal Values Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Values Development Paper - Essay Example The importance of making the right decisions about association is tremendous. Many of us received childhood warnings from our parents about being careful to avoid getting mixed up with the wrong crowd. While we may have shrugged off these admonitions as typical parental over-protectiveness, they were really on to something. Our values have been shaped largely by these kinds of choices, and we are surprisingly dependent on the people and events in our lives for our moral compass. Like anything else, we learn right from wrong largely by observing how others behave and react within certain situations, and the repercussions of those reactions. That is not to discount the effect of trial and error. To be sure, the extent to which our personal ethical guidelines are relaxed or stringent, well-defined or vague, is also the result of the repercussions we have incurred due to the choices we have made in our lives. Our value systems are largely the product of a confluence of the countless times we have gotten burned or been rewarded, or seen others get burned or rewarded, based on our actions. However, learning by example is much easier and less risky than learning by trial and error. While this learning is likely to be revised over time as it adapted within one’s workplace and elsewhere based on certain criteria and decision making factors, it remains the single most important basis and foundation for my ethical standards. Among the people who have most heavily influenced my value system are my spouse, my siblings, my parents, and my friends.

Reality Therapy: A Case Study

Reality Therapy: A Case Study Reality Therapy is a therapeutic approach that focuses on problem solving and making better choices in order to achieve specific goals. Reality Therapy was developed by Dr. William Glasser, and its primary intention is to focus on the here and now, rather than the past. Reality Therapy is intended to solve problems, rebuild connections and work towards a better future. The author of this paper chose to do an overview of Reality Therapy, and apply Reality Therapy to a case study. Throughout the textbook was no less than ten different types of therapy theories, and reality Therapy struck the author as a potentially effective way to treat clients experiencing various issues that prompt him/her to seek counseling. The case study involves a man named Chad. Chad is a middle aged man with two children at home. Chad has a difficult time in his relationship with his wife and children. Chad also has difficulty communicating and relating to members of his immediate family. Reality therapists believe the underlying problem of most clients is the same: they are either involved in a present unsatisfying relationship or lack what could even be called a relationship (Corey, 2009, 2013, p335). Reality Therapy is tied very closely with Choice Therapy (both from William Glasser) and while Choice Therapy explains why and how we function, Reality Therapy provides a delivery system for helping individuals take more effective control of their lives (Corey, G. (2009,2013, p336). The textbook states, Contemporary Reality Therapy focuses quickly on the unsatisfying relationship or the lack of the relationship, which is often the cause for clients problems (Corey, 2009, 2013 p338). William Glasser is the leading contributor to Reality Therapy. Educated initially as a chemical engineer, Glasser became interested in Psychology and ultimately Psychiatry. Glasser was certified in Psychiatry in 1961, following his studies at the Veterans Administration and UCLA in Los Angeles. Glasser maintained a private practice from 1957-1986 (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 334). Glasser was influenced by a fellow Psychiatrist and mentor named G.L. Harrington. Harrington believed in getting his patients involved in projects in the real world, and by the end of his residency, Glasser began to put together ideas that would later be known as Reality Therapy (Corey, 2009, 2013, p334). The following are some of the key terms and key concepts of Reality Therapy: View of Human Nature Choice Therapy posits that we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us. Rather we are born with five genetically encoded needs that drive us all our lives: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 336). Choice Therapy Explanation of Behavior Glasser did not like the terms depress, having a headache, being upset or angry. He preferred to think of it as rather than being depressed, we are depressing, we are upsetting, etc (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 337). Characteristics of Reality Therapy Reality Therapy generally attempts to bring the focus immediately to unsatisfying relationships or the lack thereof. This is the reason for many who seek out professional counseling. Therapists engaged in Reality Therapy typically do not listen very long to complaining, blaming and/or criticizing. Therapists believe these are the most ineffective models of behavior. Here are some of the underlying characteristics of Reality Therapy: Emphasize Choice and Responsibility, Reject Transference, Keep the Therapy in the Present, Avoid focusing on Symptoms, and Challenge Traditional Views of Mental Illness (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 338-340). Chad scheduled an appointment for counseling and came to the first session with some issues he is having with his relationship with his wife. The two of them have not been communicating very effectively lately, and this has caused some difficulties within his relationship. His complaints are that his wife just does not understand him like she once did. She does not meet his emotional needs, she is no longer engaging in topics of his interest, and although they continue to live in the same home together, he is growing into a feeling of detachment with his wife. As a therapist utilizing Reality Therapy in our sessions, I would want to help Chad recognize that focusing on his past will not benefit him in his future hopes of a satisfying relationship with his wife. I would want him to understand that he can take control of his feelings and his behavior that will ultimately help him in both his present and future relationship with his spouse. I would also want Chad to see that rather than expressing his feelings as being depressed, it would be better for him to say his feelings were depressing. In our session the first thing I would want to build would be a relationship with Chad. I would want to assure him that I am not there to hurt him, but to help him. I would want Chad to feel comfortable in sharing some things with me as his counselor. Building a relationship with him would be vital to further sessions as we work together on improving his perception of his relationship. I would then seek to implement procedures that would help Chad begin to change his behavior. The author of the textbook made the following interesting observation: The art of counseling is to weave these components together in ways that lead clients to evaluate their lives and decide to move in more effective directions (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 342). The counseling experience begins with an exploration into the clients needs, wants and/or perceptions. I would want Chad to explore ways in which he feels he could change. He may consider looking at ways in which he can alter his behavior. I would want Chad to see that if his behavior is not getting him what he wants, I would help him see that only he can change his behavior (Corey, 2009, 2013). I would ask Chad to explain what he is doing when he feels this detachment from his wife. What are his actions when he feels that he is having trouble communicating with his wife? If Chad is distracted by someone else; another woman perhaps, I would want Chad to determine if she may be the cause of his feelings of detachment. If Chad is ignoring his wifes communication and not paying attention to her emotional needs, I would ask him to determine if he can think of ways in which he could give her the attention she needs. I may encourage Chad to suggest to his wife that they spend the first 30 minutes after they both get in from work and just express to one another how their day was, any important information that needs to be exchanged between the two of them, what they need from each other in the present, and any future needs they may have. I would foresee Chad taking the initiative with his wife to ensure that their relationship is strong. If Chad is noticing a difference in their relationship, I am certain she notices it also. By him taking the first steps to change hi behavior, may cause her to be receptive to the changes as well. Chads recognition of the opportunity that rests within himself to change his circumstances may be empowering to him, and therefore serve as motivation to change his current relationship into one that is more productive and satisfying to him. I see Reality Therapy fitting well with my worldview. While I have a worldview that places God at the top and in control of all things, I also see mans responsibility for the choices he makes in his own life. Reality Therapy allows the client to focus on the deliberate choices they have made in life, and it also gives them an opportunity to focus on the results those choices have brought. Proverbs 23:7 states, For as he thinketh in his heart, so is heà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I believe God allows man to make choices in his own life, and sometimes those choices carry consequences. As stated before, the counselor must articulate the correct way for the client to (1) see his behavior as it really is, and (2) be willing to take ownership of it and change the behavior. I would want Chad to understand that God is for him and his happiness in life. I would want Chad to see verses in Scripture that support that statement. Verses like Romans 8:31 when Paul said, If God be for us, who can be against us? (BibleGateway.com, 2013). When Chad expresses his doubt of whether or not his wife loves him, and when he expresses his doubts of whether or not he loves himself, and when he even questions whether or not God has given up on him, I would also want him to see a passage found in Romans 8:38-39. Paul states, For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I would want to integrate Scripture and the promises of God into the use of Reality Therapy, and I personally think they blend well together with the potential for p ositive results in Chads life. In conclusion, the author of this paper chose to write of Reality Therapy because he likes the approach the counselor takes with the client. He also favors the approach the client takes in accepting responsibility for his/her own actions. Possibly the what the author likes most about Reality Therapy is the fact that it encourages the client to not simply look to the counselor for answers to fix his/her problem; it encourages the client to work with the counselor to develop a plan to change what has brought him/her to counseling to begin with. Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes It is hard to think about the future of crime trends because current conditions can change rapidly as some criminologist believe that crime rates may eventually rise as the number of teens in the population increases only some of criminologist believe this. I think the age structure of society is one of the most important determinants of crime rates but the economy, technological change and social factors will play an important role in crime rate in the UK. If unemployment continues to increase which will be and more attention will be paid to white collar crime and fraud as a result of the massive business failures in the banking, security and housing industries in recent years. The race and crime conundrum may become less important as crime and victimization. When the economy turns down people who are unemployed will become more motivated to commit theft crimes and that a good economy will reduce the number of crime. The good positive way is a poor economy actually will help lower crime rates because unemployed parents are at home to supervise their children and guard their possessions. Because there is less to spend I think age in crime will effect crime rate in future because teenagers have extremely high crime rates kids who commit a lot of crime early in childhood are also likely to continue to commit crime in their adulthood. CCTV does work and works best when it is used alongside wider strategy of partnership working between the police and councils and local communities to tackle crime in their neighbourhood area. When it comes to the crime prevention the CCTV is the most effective in reducing crime for example in car parks is most effective when targeted at vehicle crimes and it is more effective in reducing crime in the UK than in other countries. The CCTV can increase the public confidence and the public will likely to support Criminal Justice System for example in reporting crime and act as a witness. Also in recent terrorist investigations including 7/7 London bombing and 21/7 and the conviction of Steve Wright for Ipswich murder that CCTV has played a important role in detecting crime and protecting the public when needed. The new crime threat will be cybercrime if things go as they are. This would be any crime that involves an information system and includes ID theft. As technology advances people are going to be more brazen to commit cybercrimes from home Transnational crime organisation will continue to grow in diversity in many regions in the world. Developed countries like England and America will bore affected by TCSs than in the past During the early nineteenth century there was not any race and crime issue. This was not due to lack prejudice or indeed a lack of crime. It was because there were relatively few immigrants living in the UK. Black and lower class populations have the highest rates of street and index crime involvement in the UK. ( ) and Sociological theories argue that the location and experiences in the social environment are responsible for these differences in crime involvement ( ). In an early contribution to the sociology of knowledge DeGre (1995) observed that all science including those disciplines not involved in the study of human society are part of the tertiary institutions of a culture being influenced by the larger constellation of stresses and strains, cultural values, technological accomplishments and needs and overall definitions of life goals that characterize the social group society and world situation in which they are operative. No one comes into the world with criminality in the way in which one is born with a certain colour of eyes and crimes committed by immigrants are more frequently prosecuted than those committed by white people because immigrants are less likely to defend themselves legally and they are less often in a position to secure a good lawyer and they are more promptly sentenced to prison and in the court stages they are likely to plead guilty to drop their sentence to a lower level this is because they are come from a different culture different belief and different laws that they faced in their own countries and there always a language barrier Recent studies have found that black and mixed race 16 to 24 years olds have lower levels of trust in the police and the courts compared to older people. Young black peoples confidence in the criminal justice system is actually low. This emphasis on the police reflects greater contact with police in comparison to other Criminal Justice System agencies and subsequently people are more likely to hold some view about them and also black people have a higher relative risk of being stopped and searched than white people in England and Wales(Jack 1998) studies shown that the stop and searches of black people can be influenced by age for example where the black population in a area is younger than the white population and stop and search powers were predominately used on those people under the age of 25 and also the Stephen Lawrence inquiry report highlighted the problem of disproportionality and indicated the discrimination was a major problem and also this research has actually pointed to racial stereotyping by the police and black people are likely to get stop and search than white people. In Stephen Lawrence case was 18 black students were hoping to become an architect and was fatally stabbed while waiting for the bus that was a racial attack but police investigation failed to bring the killers into justice this had a big influence on black community. There is a media effect on race and ethnicity from TV news and from movies people are getting the wrong ideas on immigrants and religion. Media plays important role here in my opinion media shows the criminal act and report them to the public in a negative way rather than report them in a positive way. Because it is a personal interest of media personnel. One more importing thing as well as this if the media giving the news related to crime with fascination in this case the crime ratio of that specific crime will increase for example if in newspapers the news about terrorism is reported so frequently then in this situation the ratio of stop and search will increase according to the British Crime Survey BCS a number of stop and search has actually gone up after the 7/7 London bombing. It seems obvious that power inequality affects the quality of poples lives. The rich and poerfull live better than the poor and powerless. Power inequality affects the type of deviant activities likely to be engaged in. the powerful are more liley to perpetrate profitable crimes such as corporate crime while the powerless people are more likely to commit unprofitable crimes such as homicide and assault and power can also be an importance cause of deviance. For example more likely for bank executives to cheat customers quietly than for jobless persons to rob banks violently. Crime committed by respectable people of high social status in the course of their work and this is called white collar crime (Sutherland, 1961), white collar crime occurs at several levels. Embezzlement for example it is committed by employees against companies and companies also commit white collar crime too when they engage in pricing fixing, sell defective products, evade taxes pr pollute the environment. When companies are the perpetrators white collar crime is often referred to as corporate crime and sometimes corporate crime is more closely parallels organized crime than it does anythink else. For example accountants ,auditors, and executives working for Enron corporation worked together to hide the companys debts exaggerate its profits and pull in money from investors whom they tricked into buying their stock for much more than it was worth (Eichenwald, 2005) White collar crime brings heavy costs to society most scholars and law enforcement officials believe that the money loss due to corporate crime dwarfs that lost through street crime (Hegan) in addition to the economic cost there are social costs as well white collar crime can cost lives when tainted medicines or dangerous cars are sold , safety precautions are flouted on factory lines or toxic chemicals are dumped by manufacturers into rivers and streams the cost of white collar crime go beyond the actual money involved in the crime itself. The reaons for white collar crime are similar to those for street crimes. People want more than they can legitimately get think the benefits of a crime outrun it is potential costs (Shower Wright, 200) In these days the magnitude of white collar crime in our society challenges the popular image of crime as a lower class phenomenon. Instead this appears that people of different status simly haqve different opportunities to commit crime. Those people in lower status are hardly in the position to engage in price fixing, stock manipulation and tax evation.   White collar crimes are far less likely to be offcialy investigated and prosecuted than converntional crimes. In the simplest term what occurs in the streets is more visible and more easily inveatigated than what occurs in the suite. Its hard to detect and it realy can be hard to notice if crime has accurred e.g fraud, tax fraud and shop theft there are also few good reasond that why business in UK and other companies dont want to talk about white-collar crime its because the firms may not want to admit that they have been victim of theft and this can effect on their own business they may also not want to admit that their staff committed a crime. Since crimes were attempts to gain personal advantage by force or fraud they could obviously be committed by the rich and powerful they could certainly involve force or fraud and they could clearly be committed without punishment by the state. Some doctors commit murder and doctors sometimes cheat on medicare and lawyers have been known to misuse funs entrusted to them by their clients: business executives sometimes angage in bid rigging : labor union executives sometimes embezzle funds from pension plans and also manufacturers sometimes dispose of toxic chemicals in wyas contrary to law. Other criminal activities that are often missed by official and many sociological measurements of crime are those conducted by the powerful in society (Pearce, 1976) crimes of the powerful is largely those commited by rulling groups and governments, corporate crime is that crimes commited not so much by individuals but rather by boards for example chair persons and including the breaking of the Health and Safety Work Act and white collar crime that crimes committed by professional people such as tax evasion, business fraudand insider trading. White collar drimesis difficult to estimate the extent and influence of whitecollar crime on victims because all too often those who suffer the consequences of white collar crime are ignored by victimologists. Wide differences in cultural heritage and value system have a direct impact on rates of crime and it is obvious that there are many cultural differences between the America and Japan that doesnt mean that Japanese approaches to crime prevention cannot work in America. In Japan the societys emphasis on apologies and resolving disputes outside the police and the court this can effect on reporting crime and this leads to crime stay on low level in Japan. When we pick the robbery case is the most fearful street crime in America is much higher than Japan for example in 2002 America recorded 182 and for each robbery in Tokyo New York had 462. Robbery rates for England, Germany and France do not approach those in America but resident of those countries are still twenty to thirty times more likely to be held up than people living in Japan. Even when we think about South Korea have same similarity with geographically and culturally with Japans and closest neighbour and has robbery rates 6.5 times than Japan ( ) culture plays important role in to control crime and prevent crime. There is also a lack of confidence in America and people likely to act as witness and they likely to report crime. While some people can effectively cope with strain some certain people have traits that may make them particularly sensitive to strain. These include an explosive temperament being overly sensitive or emotional low tolerance for adversity and poor problem solving skills. Aggressive people who have these traits are likely to have poor interpersonal skills and more likely to be treated negatively by others and their combative personalities make them feared and disliked. These people are likely to live in families whose caretakers share similar personality traits. They are also more likely to reject conventional peers and join deviant groups. In summer 2004 a dramatic murder trial took place in New York City that aptly illustrates how lower class cultural concerns the code of the streets clash with the rules and values of American culture and how deviant cultures can exist side by side with middle class culture. According to Messner and Rosenfeld the relatively high U.S. crime rates can be explained by the interrelationship between culture and institutions. The dominance of the American Dream mythology ensures that many people will develop wishes and desires for material goods that cannot be satisfied by legitimate means that people are willing to do anything to get ahead from cheating on tests to get higher grades to engaging in corporate fraud and tax evasion and those people who cannot succeed become willing to risk everything including a prison sentence. American dream have a different effect on people depending on their place in the social structure. The studies shows that the American dream had a greater effect on whites than African Americans the reason is that whites may have greater expectations of material success than African Americans whose aspirations have been tempered by a long history of racial and economic deprivation. When whites experience strain they are more apt to react with anger and antisocial behaviour. At the institutional level the dominance of economic concerns weakens the informal social control exerted by the family, church and school. In my opinion these institutions have lost their ability to regulate behaviour and they have instead become a conduit for promoting material success. Parents pushing their kids to succeed at any cost and schools encourage the kids to get in to the best colleges by any means possible as well as religious institutions promote their wealth and power because religion lets you down all the time when you are keen on it too much.

Higher Education Ensures Better Life Essay

1.what state exams do school-leavers choose most often in (CITY) ? 2.what are the best ways to prepare for examinations?how are you going to do it? 3.do you think that exams motivate students to study?why? 4.higher education ensures better life. these days is very important to gain secondary education. it’s not only develops your mentality,but and broadens your perspective. In (CITY) the school-leaver are preparing for exams. Lithuania’s main exam is the first language exam. this first language exam Is difficult and takes a lot of energy. a lot of studying people are fail this test. so, the school-leaver are studying very hard and much when to finish the tests with a good marks. If you want are finishing the exam with good marks, you have to concentrate on what you don’t know something and are progressing what you don’t know, at the moment. also, calm down, learn little by little, ask the teachers, they always helps you and of course, you should believe what you do. I think that examinations motivate you to learn more.but also, use to a lot of nerve, efforts and energy. school-leaver gets a lot of stress, exhaustion. I think that can facilitate exams and everyone would be happy. higher education ensures better life.Nowadays, higher education is important thing in better life when the person finishes final exams.the person will be able to better job with a good qualification. also, the person who has higher education, has higher intellect level. So, higher education is important. everyone has to learn and finish at school.

Black Masculinity Essay

What is an ethnic group? An ethnic group is a human population whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry . These ethnic groups are usually united by shared cultural values, common fields of communication, or religious practices. So perhaps the theory of Black masculinity can be considered an ethnic group. There is the obvious factors of being ‘Black’ and ‘male’ that connects these members in this group; they have skin color and gender in common. Perhaps this cultural group has come together to be more then just a group who have race and gender in common. It goes beyond that and Black masculinity has members who are not ‘Black’. Perhaps this questions if history, ancestry, and genealogy are factored in when becoming a members of a group. But will these members be truly accepted in the cult of Black masculinity. Within the dominant culture African American men have developed their own sense of identity. These men have integrated themselves into American society creating a culture of their own. They have established a language, a sense of dress, and behaviors. These protocols help this group of men emphasize their ethnicity and gender. Members of this group who follow these traits are considered to be part of the cult of Black masculinity. What is happening is that white men, because of the influence of pop culture, are permeating the boundaries of the Black masculine cult. This is an experience of somewhat reverse assimilation. At first it was the assimilation of the Black man into the white man’s world and now it is as if roles are reversed. How the white men see the Black masculinity portrayed through the media and want to be part of it. Anthropologist Fredrik Barth specifies three conditions under which ethnic groups develop and define themselves: (a) a dominant culture is present with the power to maintain conditions whereby other groups of people, (b) are stereotyped, and (c) are constrained to certain roles that function complementarily in the general culture. Barth argues that ethnic distinctions are born out of conflict . The above conditions are necessary for the maintenance of ethnic distinctions. So, the maintenance of ethnic diversity requires domination by one group of the rest. Using Barth’s definition of what an ethnic group is and which boundaries are defined by these rules this paper will prove how Black masculinity conforms to these guidelines establishing them as an ethnic group within the dominant culture. This paper will also explore the difference that is expressed by black males in American culture through the use of language, dress and behavior. The cult of Black masculinity will prove that ethnic groups can create something of their own while inventing a new culture in which they can partake in and be control of. Black Masculinity â€Å"A particular type of black masculinity–one defined mainly by an urban aesthetic, a nihilistic attitude, and an aggressive posturing–has made its way into the cultural mainstream in the last two decades. † There are many contributing factors but the image of Black masculinity has come about due to the popularization of hip-hop culture and the prominence of rap music and the â€Å"videomercials† that sell it. More specifically, it is the result of the popularity of the urban â€Å"gangsta† and his embodiment in the â€Å"gangsta† rap of artists such as Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and Tupak Shakur. Black masculinity is the attempt for black males to incorporate what the dominant culture believes to be masculine. Most studies have, however regarded Black Masculinity as an alternative to social status, rather than as an extension of it. ‘Black Macho’ has been portrayed, therefore, as differing in kind rather than degree from the wider gendered power relations within Society at large†¦ It is however; only within the context of wider power relations — and as an extension of them –that Black masculinity can be fully understood†¦ Black masculinity is then perhaps best understood as an articulated response to structural inequality, enacting and subverting dominant definitions of power and control, rather then substituting for them. Rather than a hostile and withdrawn entity [black masculinity] can be seen as a base for interaction and negotiation with wider society . These men have taken an idea which already exists according to society and incorporated what they believe is their definition of masculinity. This expression of masculinity, according to Mercer and Julien: â€Å"subjectively incorporates attributes associated with dominant definitions of manhood – such as being tough, in control, independent – in order to recuperate some degree of power or active influence over objective conditions of powerlessness created by racism. † Black masculinity embraces the stereotypical role of what a Black man typically resembles. What the dominant culture portrays: the tough guy, more body then mind. This is received as negative because they are not achieving what the ideal is, what â€Å"Whiteness† is. So would this group of men be considered an ethnic group within the American society? According to Barth an ethnic group embodies the following: â€Å"Largely biologically self-perpetuating, shares fundamental cultural values, realized in overt unity in cultural forms, makes up a field of communication and interaction, has a membership which identifies itself, and is identified by others, as constituting a category distinguishable from other categories of the same order. † Those who choose to conform to these norms of this group will reject or discriminate against others and this leads to the inclusion of this specific group. Behavior How one behaves will determine what group they will fit into. These behaviors include how one dresses, acts and talks. Black masculinity has their own sense of dress, actions and even language. Depicted through the media the Black masculine male will dress â€Å"gangster†. There stereotyped baggie jeans and big t-shirts with the jewelry and baseball caps. This reinforces the hyper-sexualized stereotyped male in society. Recently, Richard G. Major’s concept of the â€Å"cool pose† has proved an insightful term for understanding the dynamics of black masculinity as it has developed in response to unequal conditions in the modern urban environment. In a series of closely related works (listed at the end of this essay), Majors argues that black males have accepted the traditional values of masculinity but are so restricted by social and political factors that many of them have been deeply frustrated by their inability to enact these traditional masculine roles. â€Å"In brief,† Majors explains, â€Å"cool pose originated as a coping mechanism for the ‘invisibility,’ frustration, discrimination, and educational and employment inequities faced by Black males. In response to these obstacles, many of these individuals have channeled their creative talents and energies into the construction of masculine symbols and into the use of conspicuous nonverbal behaviors (e. g. , demeanors, gestures, clothing, hairstyles, walks, stances and handshakes)† . Majors includes in his examples of the cool pose such diverse behaviors as the use of humor, feigned emotional detachment, and specific stylistic expressions like the black athlete’s inventive basketball dunking, football spiking, and end zone dancing, as well as black musical performers’ aggressive posing and graceful yet strenuous dancing styles. A prime ingredient of the cool pose as a compensatory form of masculinity is an exaggerated style of toughness: â€Å"Symbolic displays of toughness defend his identity and gain him respect; they can also promote camaraderie and solidarity among black males† . Unfortunately, as Majors is careful to point out, the ritualized hyper masculinity performed by many black men as a cool pose, particularly the preoccupation with enacting a tough persona is rife with the negative potential to promote dangerous lifestyles (e. g. , gang bangers, tough guys, drug dealers, street hustlers, and pimps) and to reinforce harmful stereotypes. These images illuminate the figure of the menacing Black male. He embodies images of the black heterosexual rapper, athlete, and movie star which challenge the racist depictions of black masculinity as incompetent, oversexed and uncivil, in the end a threat to middle class notions of womanhood, family and nation . Perhaps with these embodiments this is why Black masculinity is its own ethnic group. They were unable to assimilate into the dominant culture because they were seen as a hyper sexualized threat to white women. This left these men to create something of their own, through dress, language and action. This group uses language as another expression of social difference. African American Vernacular English is the language that is used to communicate, it is also known as Black English, Black Vernacular, or Black English Vernacular. Black English is also known as Ebonics, a combination of â€Å"ebony† and â€Å"phonics†, this language is spoken by many Blacks in the United States and around the world. Black masculinity has accepted Ebonics as their language because it is something that is unique to the African American culture. The problem with this form of communication is that it is not widely accepted within the dominant society. The children who are raised by men who are part of this cult of Black masculinity are told to speak differently because the form of communication that they have learned is not acceptable. This is a miscommunication and some parties tried to get Ebonics recognized as a language and to be taught in the school systems. This law was not passed but it was interpreted and they are now teaching the children how to translate African American Vernacular English into American Standard English. Jackson sees language as â€Å"badges and emblems of identity can be seen as a kind of message, the successful transmission, reception, and decoding of which necessary to the interaction is taking place. † This is why Black masculinity is as strong as it is because it embraces their own language and through this they are able to maintain relationships with others in this group of men. Such as the word â€Å"Nigga†, if this word were used by someone outside of this cultural group then they would be considered racist but through music and use within the group it is considered to be a term used to identify each other. It would be seen as odd if someone who did not embody Black masculinity started speaking in African American Vernacular English because they may not have the ancestry which allows them to embody Black Masculinity and their language. Boundaries To form a cultural boundary it is presumed that the borders would be between different homelands, ethnicities, religions or language groups. In the case of Black masculinity the majority are situated all over North America and the rest of the world. With such a diverse spread it would be hard to place physical borders on this group. â€Å"Ethnic groups are not merely or necessarily based on the occupation of exclusive territories; and the different ways in which they are maintained, not only by once-and-for-all recruitment but by continual expression and validation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In saying this, those who partake in the cult of Black masculinity erect borders through communication such as language and body language. Those who do not respond to these actions are not considered to be part Black male society. There is certain protocol which will be followed within the group and if this is not followed then there is the identification of an outsider who is trying to break through the borders. The problem with Black masculinity and the exclusivity of this culture is that it is widely available in pop culture. It would be easy for someone who is not part of this ethnic group to study the mass media and learn the traits which define Black masculinity. Black masculinity is based on ascription how people identify their culture and how they identify themselves within this culture. Their boundaries are socially constructed. Ethnic groups share common culture which includes shared religion, language, style of dress, housing, shared customs; attitudes, beliefs and most have the same perception of a common past. As discussed earlier this group embraces a shared common culture which separates them from the dominant culture. They have created themselves due to a particular historical circumstance and in this case it is colonization and the invasion of the White man. The identity of Black masculinity is reliant on how individuals embrace it, constrained by it; act on it and through this Black masculinity will have a separate identity as an ethnic group. To separate themselves they have must be able to distinguish them from the dominant culture by â€Å"creating appearance of cultural discontinuity†. Black masculinity has done this by assuming roles such as the gangster rapper, the black athlete or movie star. By creating these identities they are constructing a boundary between â€Å"us† and â€Å"them†. Overtime groups tend to become culturally more homogenous. This endangers the boundary and makes it harder to maintain but in order to preserve its distinct identity these boundaries need to be maintained by the group. Boundary maintenance serves to isolate the group from alternative value systems (according to which its members may find themselves ranked differently), preserves the group’s existing internal power structure, and provides a potential source of political power for the group through solidarity and numbers . Black masculinity is a strong force in the media and to follow what their cultural beliefs are would be easy. They have familiarized their culture with the dominant culture allowing anyone to be able to participate in their beliefs. This weakens their borders and makes it harder to maintain a stronghold at their borders. The only thing that would not be broken within Black masculinity is in the name. To be a true part of this ethnic group one would have to be a Black male. This is the only thing that will hold true to maintain the borders of Black masculinity. Biologically Self Perpetuating Black masculinity has become such a widely known phenomenon and even those who do not share the same ancestry seem to be able to embody traits of this group. Traditionally an ethnic group would share a common background and kin. Through the use of mass media the cult of the Black male has become highly sexualized and those who see this machismo want to be part of it. Ethnic groups are primarily endogamous and this new assimilation into their group will cause problems with this. This is a problem because it takes away from the power of what this group stands for and what they embody as the macho man. â€Å"In a social order where white beliefs form fundamental explanations of how individuals should enact their color-sex positions and associated role expectations, black males do not, regardless of their economic status or intellectual capabilities, have the cultural prerogative to take the initiative. † This quote redefines that there is a dominant culture and allowing assimilation this group is allowing the power to be taken away. As these men are portrayed as hyper sexualized in the media it introduces them to something that the dominant culture views as the ideal, this goes back to colonization and the want of what the White man has, the unattainable. â€Å"A major reason for the initial encounter was the mystique attached to the hitherto unavailable ‘the white goddess’ † . This â€Å"white goddess†, the unavailable, is the difference between the dominant culture and the Black Masculinity. Black men move between majority and minority cultures and must negotiate the racism and discrimination that accompany caste-like minority status. Frazier suggests that Black masculinity and male role identity must be viewed in these varying social and cultural contexts . Specifically, Black men are expected to conform to dominant gender role expectations (e. g. , to be successful, competitive, aggressive), as well as meeting culturally specific requirements (e. g. , cooperation, promotion of group, and survival of group) of the Black community. â€Å"certain patriarchal values such as physical strength, sexual prowess and being in control as a means of survival against the repressive and violent system of subordination to which they were subjected† . The dehumanizing aspect of this myth, a myth that Mercer claims many black men do not want demystified because it in some ways (e. g. , strength, sexual prowess) raises them above the status of white men, is that, while an emphasis on the body as brute force is a marker of the difference between male and female, it is also a key symbol in the division between nature and culture. Perhaps this is why Black masculinity came to be. It is argued that the members of the Black Power movement defined the politics of race within â€Å"metaphoric of phallic power,† which developed out of male activists’ desires to counter cultural articulations of black male inferiority , and that this is readily seen in the writings of influential figures such as Malcolm X, Huey Newton, Eldridge Clever, and Amiri Baraka. Wiegman further claims that the phallocentric perspective was also articulated through the macho, hyper masculine characters appearing in the blaxploitation films of the early 1970s. It is through Wiegman’s phallic theories about Black males that this ethnic group created the term and culture of Black masculinity. Conclusion Through Barth this paper has been able to discuss the boundaries which the ethnic group Black masculinity was able to control. They were able to create their own ethnic group in response to the dominant culture. They defined themselves through being Black males. They embodied what it meant to be. They did this by dress and action. This is recently obvious through the media and ‘gangta’ rap and perhaps with this embodiment they are able to prove that they are able to exist as a powerful force within the dominant culture. Black masculinity members are able to have their own sense of language whether it be verbal, Ebonics, of physical, â€Å"cool pose†. This is how they established members of the group and were able to communicate with each other by these means. They reinforced that the â€Å"cool pose† displays toughness and it gains him respect and from this it promotes solidarity within the group of Black males. The â€Å"cool pose† is not always a good thing. In the media the dominant society does not see the athlete but the gangster and the stereotype which is created by the dominant culture. They are seen as a threat and to keep them safe Black masculinity was created in an attempt to create values and rules of their own in order to obtain status in a dominant culture. To keep this group exclusive these Black men created a language of their own and through this they communicate and they are able to maintain a strong bond through these means of communication. Through the use of language they create borders. The borders which they created allow them to maintain who they are without being assimilated into the dominant culture. They have embraced and emphasized who they are and what they stand for. To protect this they erected borders such as similar dress/style, language, sense of history and shared customs. These aspects are unique to them but as popular culture embraced these aspects such as language and dress the borders began to break. One thing that the dominant culture could not break is their gender and race. They were African American men and no matter what the dominant culture did to try and assimilate them they had this to celebrate. This is important to maintain the strength of your borders. Black masculinity is a group of Black males who have been able to preserve that they are part of an ethnic group and they have history which needs to be respected. They are trying to sustain a culture that is slowly being integrated into the dominant culture. If this group follows what Barth has laid out in order to maintain boundaries then Black masculinity will be able to be whomever they want within the dominant culture. REFERENCES Alexander, C. The Art of Being Black. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Barths, F. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Oslo: Universitesforlaget, 1969. Frazier, E. Franklin. The Negro Family in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939. Gray, H. â€Å"He Is a â€Å"Bad Mother*S%@! #†: Shaft and Contemporary Black Masculinity. American Quarterly. Vol. 50, No. 2, 1998. Gray, H. Cultural Politics. A Special Section:Black Masculinity and Visual Culture. Callaloo, Vol. 18, No. 2. (Spring, 1995). Jackson, J. Language Identity of The Colombian Vaupes Indians. In Baumand, R. ,Sherzer, J. , Exploration in the Ethnography of Speaking: Studies in the Socialand Cultural Foundations of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Majors, R. , & Bilson, J. M. Cool Pose. New York: Lexington, 1989. Mercer, K. Welcome to the Jungle: New Positions in Black Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge, 1994. Mercer, K. & Julien, I. Race, Sexual Politics and Black Masculinity: A Dossier. London: Lawerence & Wishart, 1998. Smith, A. D. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1987. Staples, R. Black Masculinity: The Black Male’s Role in American Society. San Francisco: The Black Scholar Press, 1982. Wiegman, R. Feminism, ‘The Boyz’ and Other Matters Regarding the Male: Screening the Male: Exploring Masculinities in Hollywood Cinema. London: Routledge,1993. Wilikinson, D. Y. Expectations and Salience in White Female – African Male Self-Other Role Definitions. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977.

The Value Of Hard Work - 1017 Words

Anh Hoang Professor King ENG 101 12 Dec 2015 The Value of Hard Work Essentially, the concept of one’s ability to participate in manual labor has been juxtaposed with strength and endurance. However, it is not considerable to say that white-collar are always â€Å"weaker† than other labors because a person needs both the effectiveness in physical works and the mental effort that he/she gives in order to be successful on works. With this belief, I will analyze three opinions about hard work in Crawford, Braaksma, and Colon works. To begin, manual workers play an important role in the world. In his essay â€Å"The Psychic Satisfaction of Manual Works†, Crawford describes himself as a household electrician whose work mostly â€Å"got covered up inside walls† (212). This work seems not to be interesting at all, but he still takes this position with pride because he believes his work has â€Å"a social currency†. 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